1. What is Modulus of Resistance (Young's Modulus)?

Definition: Young's modulus measures a material's ability to withstand changes in length when under lengthwise tension or compression.

Purpose: It quantifies the stiffness of a solid material and is a fundamental property in materials science and engineering.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( E \) — Modulus of resistance (Young's modulus, Pascals)
• \( \sigma \) — Stress (Pascals)
• \( \epsilon \) — Strain (dimensionless)

Explanation: The stress (force per unit area) is divided by strain (deformation relative to original size) to determine material stiffness.

3. Importance of Young's Modulus

Details: This property is crucial for structural design, material selection, and predicting how materials will behave under load.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the stress in Pascals and the strain (dimensionless ratio). Both values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What are typical Young's modulus values?
A: Steel ≈ 200 GPa, Aluminum ≈ 69 GPa, Concrete ≈ 30 GPa, Rubber ≈ 0.01-0.1 GPa.

Q2: How is strain measured?
A: Strain is ΔL/L (change in length divided by original length), a dimensionless quantity.

Q3: What's the difference between stress and pressure?
A: Stress is force per area within a material, while pressure is external force per area on a surface.

Q4: When is Young's modulus not applicable?
A: For non-linear elastic materials or beyond the material's elastic limit.

Q5: How does temperature affect Young's modulus?
A: Generally decreases with increasing temperature as materials become less stiff.