1. What is Modulus of Resistance (Young's Modulus)?

Definition: Young's modulus measures a material's ability to withstand changes in length when under lengthwise tension or compression.

Purpose: It's a fundamental property used in materials science and engineering to predict how materials will behave under stress.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( E \) — Modulus of resistance (Young's modulus, Pa)
• \( \sigma \) — Stress (Pa)
• \( \epsilon \) — Strain (dimensionless)

Explanation: The modulus is calculated by dividing the applied stress by the resulting strain in the elastic deformation region.

3. Importance of Young's Modulus

Details: This value helps engineers select appropriate materials for applications where stiffness is crucial, such as in electrical components that must maintain precise dimensions under load.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the stress in Pascals and the strain (dimensionless). Both values must be > 0. Strain is typically a very small number (e.g., 0.001 for 0.1% deformation).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What are typical Young's modulus values?
A: Steel ~200 GPa, Aluminum ~70 GPa, Rubber ~0.01-0.1 GPa, Diamond ~1220 GPa.

Q2: Why is this important for electrical applications?
A: Components must maintain dimensional stability under mechanical stress to preserve electrical properties.

Q3: How does temperature affect Young's modulus?
A: Generally decreases with increasing temperature as materials become less stiff.

Q4: What's the difference between elastic and plastic deformation?
A: Elastic deformation is reversible (obeys Hooke's Law), while plastic is permanent.

Q5: Can this be used for composite materials?
A: Yes, but composites may have different moduli in different directions.