1. What is Modulus of Resistance (Young's Modulus)?

Definition: Young's modulus measures a material's stiffness, representing the ratio of stress to strain in the elastic deformation region.

Purpose: It helps engineers determine how much a material will deform under load and is crucial for structural design calculations.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( E \) — Young's modulus (Pascals, Pa)
• \( \sigma \) — Stress (Pascals, Pa)
• \( \epsilon \) — Strain (dimensionless)

Explanation: The stress (force per unit area) is divided by strain (relative deformation) to determine the material's stiffness.

3. Importance of Young's Modulus for Steel

Details: For structural steel, typical values range from 190-210 GPa. This property determines how much steel will stretch or compress under load while remaining elastic.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the stress value in Pascals and the strain (as a decimal). For example, 0.002 strain means 0.2% deformation.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the typical Young's modulus for structural steel?
A: Approximately 200 GPa (200 × 10⁹ Pa) for most carbon steels.

Q2: How does temperature affect Young's modulus?
A: Generally decreases with increasing temperature - important for high-temperature applications.

Q3: Is Young's modulus the same for tension and compression?
A: Yes, for most materials including steel, the modulus is essentially the same in tension and compression.

Q4: How does alloying affect Young's modulus?
A: Alloying typically has minor effects - the modulus is more dependent on atomic bonding than composition.

Q5: What's the difference between modulus of elasticity and resilience?
A: Modulus measures stiffness, while resilience measures energy absorption up to the elastic limit.