1. What is an Oxidation Number Calculator?

Definition: This calculator determines the oxidation number of an atom in a compound based on its valence electrons, bonding electrons, and unpaired electrons.

Purpose: It helps chemistry students and professionals understand electron distribution and oxidation states in chemical compounds.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( ON \) — Oxidation number (dimensionless)
• \( V \) — Valence electrons (dimensionless)
• \( B \) — Bonding electrons (dimensionless)
• \( U \) — Unpaired electrons (dimensionless)

Explanation: The oxidation number is calculated by subtracting both bonding and unpaired electrons from the total valence electrons.

3. Importance of Oxidation Numbers

Details: Oxidation numbers help identify redox reactions, balance chemical equations, and understand electron transfer in chemical processes.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the number of valence electrons, bonding electrons, and unpaired electrons. All values must be ≥ 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What are valence electrons?
A: Valence electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom that participate in chemical bonding.

Q2: How do I count bonding electrons?
A: Each single bond contributes 2 electrons (1 per atom), double bonds 4, and triple bonds 6.

Q3: What if my oxidation number is negative?
A: Negative oxidation numbers indicate the atom has gained electrons (reduction).

Q4: What's the oxidation number of free elements?
A: The oxidation number of any atom in its elemental form is always zero.

Q5: How does this relate to formal charge?
A: Oxidation number is a simplified concept, while formal charge considers electron distribution more precisely.