1. What is Plasma Frequency?

Definition: The plasma frequency is the natural frequency of oscillation of electrons in a plasma when displaced from their equilibrium positions.

Purpose: This calculator helps physicists and engineers determine the characteristic frequency of electron oscillations in a plasma medium.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( \omega_p \) — Plasma frequency (radians/second)
• \( n \) — Electron density (m⁻³)
• \( e \) — Electron charge (1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ C)
• \( \epsilon_0 \) — Permittivity of free space (8.854 × 10⁻¹² F/m)
• \( m \) — Electron mass (9.109 × 10⁻³¹ kg)

Explanation: The formula calculates the natural oscillation frequency of electrons in a plasma when disturbed from equilibrium.

3. Importance of Plasma Frequency

Details: Plasma frequency determines how a plasma interacts with electromagnetic waves. Waves below this frequency are reflected, while waves above can propagate through the plasma.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the electron density in m⁻³. Default values are provided for fundamental constants, but these can be adjusted for specific conditions.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a typical electron density in plasmas?
A: In space plasmas: 10⁶-10¹² m⁻³; in laboratory plasmas: 10¹⁶-10²⁰ m⁻³; in metals: ~10²⁸ m⁻³.

Q2: How does plasma frequency relate to radio wave propagation?
A: Radio waves below the plasma frequency are reflected, which is why ionospheric plasma allows long-distance radio communication.

Q3: Can I calculate the plasma frequency in Hz instead of rad/s?
A: Yes, divide the result by 2π (ωₚ/2π gives frequency in Hz).

Q4: Why is electron mass used instead of ion mass?
A: Electrons are much lighter and respond faster to electric fields, dominating the high-frequency response.

Q5: What affects electron density in a plasma?
A: Temperature, pressure, ionization degree, and the specific gas composition all influence electron density.