1. What is a Salinity Calculator?

Definition: This calculator estimates water salinity based on total dissolved solids and water density.

Purpose: It helps researchers, aquarists, and water quality professionals determine salinity levels in water samples.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( S \) — Salinity (parts per thousand, ppt)
• \( C_{total} \) — Total dissolved solids (mg/L)
• \( \rho \) — Water density (kg/m³, ~1000 for water)

Explanation: The total dissolved solids concentration is divided by water density and multiplied by 1000 to convert to parts per thousand.

3. Importance of Salinity Measurement

Details: Salinity affects water density, aquatic life, chemical processes, and is crucial for marine ecosystems, aquaculture, and drinking water treatment.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the total dissolved solids in mg/L and water density (default 1000 kg/m³ for pure water). All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a typical salinity for seawater?
A: Ocean water averages about 35 ppt, while brackish water ranges from 0.5 to 30 ppt.

Q2: When would water density not be 1000 kg/m³?
A: Density changes with temperature and salinity - use 1027 kg/m³ for average seawater or adjust for specific conditions.

Q3: How do I measure total dissolved solids?
A: Use a TDS meter or evaporate a water sample and weigh the residue (1 mg/L = 1 ppm).

Q4: What's the difference between salinity and TDS?
A: Salinity measures salt content specifically, while TDS includes all dissolved substances. They're closely related in seawater.

Q5: Can I use this for freshwater systems?
A: Yes, though freshwater salinity is typically below 0.5 ppt. The calculation works the same way.