1. What is a Satellite Orbital Velocity Calculator?

Definition: This calculator computes the orbital velocity required for a satellite to maintain a stable orbit around a celestial body.

Purpose: It helps astronomers, aerospace engineers, and space enthusiasts understand the dynamics of orbital mechanics.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( v \) — Orbital velocity (m/s)
• \( G \) — Gravitational constant (6.674×10⁻¹¹ m³/kg·s²)
• \( M \) — Mass of central body (kg)
• \( r \) — Orbital radius (m)

Explanation: The formula calculates the velocity needed to balance gravitational pull with centrifugal force.

3. Importance of Orbital Velocity Calculation

Details: Correct orbital velocity ensures satellites maintain stable orbits without falling back to Earth or escaping into space.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the mass of the central body (e.g., Earth = 5.972×10²⁴ kg) and orbital radius from the center. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's Earth's mass for calculations?
A: Earth's mass is approximately 5.972 × 10²⁴ kg.

Q2: How does altitude affect velocity?
A: Higher orbits (larger r) require lower velocities. For low Earth orbit (~200-2000 km), typical velocities are 7.8 km/s.

Q3: Does this work for circular orbits only?
A: Yes, this formula calculates velocity for circular orbits. Elliptical orbits require more complex calculations.

Q4: What's the gravitational constant value?
A: G = 6.67430 × 10⁻¹¹ m³ kg⁻¹ s⁻² (very small number).

Q5: Can I calculate Moon's orbital velocity?
A: Yes, use Earth's mass and Moon's orbital radius (~384,400 km).