Solar Irradiation Calculator with Direction

Solar Radiation Formula:

\[ G = G_{ref} \times \cos(\theta) \]

Solar Radiation (W/m²):

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1. What is a Solar Irradiation Calculator with Direction?

Definition: This calculator estimates the actual solar radiation received on a surface based on reference radiation and the angle of incidence.

Purpose: It helps solar energy professionals, architects, and engineers determine the effective solar energy available at different surface orientations.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ G = G_{ref} \times \cos(\theta) \]

Where:

\( G \) — Actual solar radiation (W/m²)
\( G_{ref} \) — Reference solar radiation (W/m²)
\( \theta \) — Angle of incidence (degrees)

Explanation: The reference radiation is multiplied by the cosine of the incidence angle to account for the reduced intensity when sunlight strikes a surface at an angle.

3. Importance of Solar Radiation Calculation

Details: Accurate solar radiation calculations are crucial for designing efficient solar energy systems, building orientation, and understanding local solar resources.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the reference radiation (typically 1000 W/m² for standard test conditions) and the angle of incidence (0-90°). 0° means direct perpendicular incidence.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is reference solar radiation?
A: This is the solar radiation measured perpendicular to the sun's rays, typically about 1000 W/m² under standard test conditions.

Q2: How does angle affect solar radiation?
A: As the angle increases from 0°, the effective radiation decreases following the cosine function, reaching 0 at 90° (parallel to the rays).

Q3: What's a typical angle of incidence?
A: For fixed solar panels, this equals your latitude. For tracking systems, it varies but is often near 0° at solar noon.

Q4: Does this account for atmospheric effects?
A: No, the reference radiation should already account for atmospheric absorption and scattering under standard conditions.

Q5: How can I find the angle of incidence for my location?
A: Use solar position algorithms or online tools that calculate sun position based on date, time, and location.