1. What is a Water Flow Calculator by Pressure?

Definition: This calculator estimates the volumetric flow rate of water based on pressure difference, discharge coefficient, area, and fluid density.

Purpose: It helps engineers and technicians determine water flow rates in pipes, valves, and other hydraulic systems.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Flow rate (cubic meters per second)
• \( C_d \) — Discharge coefficient (dimensionless)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square meters)
• \( P \) — Pressure difference (Pascals)
• \( \rho \) — Fluid density (kilograms per cubic meter)

Explanation: The formula calculates flow rate through an orifice or restriction based on Bernoulli's principle and conservation of energy.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Accurate flow rate estimation ensures proper system design, efficiency analysis, and performance evaluation in hydraulic systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the discharge coefficient (default 0.62 for sharp-edged orifice), area in m², pressure in Pa, and fluid density in kg/m³ (default 1000 for water). All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the discharge coefficient?
A: It's a dimensionless number (0-1) that accounts for energy losses in the flow. Typical values range from 0.6 to 0.98 depending on geometry.

Q2: How do I determine the area?
A: For circular pipes, use \( A = \pi \times r^2 \) where r is the radius. For other shapes, use appropriate area formulas.

Q3: What pressure units should I use?
A: The calculator uses Pascals (Pa). 1 bar = 100,000 Pa, 1 psi ≈ 6895 Pa.

Q4: Can I use this for other fluids?
A: Yes, just input the correct density (e.g., 800 kg/m³ for gasoline, 13600 kg/m³ for mercury).

Q5: What are typical flow rates in pipes?
A: Household water pipes typically see 0.0005-0.005 m³/s, while industrial pipes may handle 0.1-10 m³/s.